Sappikivet

Lähteet

1. R. Aerts and F. Penninckx. (2003), The burden of gallstones disease in Europe, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 18 (Suppl):349–353.
2. Everhart J E et al. (1999), Prevalence and ethnic differences in gallbladder disease in the United States. Gastroenterol 117:3: 632-639.
3. J.E. Everhart and C.E. Ruhl. (2009), Burden of digestive diseases in the United States part I: overall and upper gastrointestinal diseases, Gastroenterology 136 (2): 376–386.
4. Misciagna G. et al. (1996), Epidemiology of cholelithiasis in Southern Italy. Part II: risk factors. Eur J Gastroentero Hepatol, 8:585-593.
5. Leitzmann M.F.et al. (1999), A prospective study of coffee consumption and risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in men. JAMA, 281:2106-2112.
6. Leitzmann M.F. et al. (2002), Coffee intake is associated with lower risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in women. Gastroenterol, 123:1823-1830.
7. Sahi T. et al. (1998), Body Mass Index, cigarette smoking, and other characteristics as predictors of self-reported, physician-diagnosed gallbladder disease in male college alumni. Am J Epidemiol, 147:644-650.
8. La Vecchia C. et al. (1991), Risk factors for gallstone disese requiring surgery. Intern J Epidemiol, 20:209-215.
9. Ruhl C.E. et al. (2000), Association of coffee consumption with gallbladder disease. Am J Epidemiol, 152:1034-8.
10. Douglas B.R. et al. (1990), Coffee stimulation and cholecystokinin release and gallbladder contraction in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 52:553-6.
11. Zhang Y.P. (2015) Systematic review with meta-analysis: coffee consumption and the risk of gallstone disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 42(6):637-48.
12. Nordenvall C., Oskarsson V., Wolk A. (2015) Inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of cholescytectomy in women but not in men. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 13(6):1096-1102.
13. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA) (2015) Scientific Opinion on the safety of caffeine. EFSA Journal, 13(5):4102.